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Warbeck explained that Edward V, his older brother, had indeed been killed, but that he was spared due to his young age. In 1496 Warbeck and James IV crossed into England. (15)Spartacus E-Books (Price 0.99 / $1.50)Mary TudorHenry VIIIHenry VIIAnne BoleynHenry VII inherited a kingdom that was smaller than it had been for over 400 years. This is partly due to sheer chance and partly to the king's habit of never giving himself away. In the meantime Henry allowed Catherine 100 a month, and appointed one of his own surveyors to oversee the management of it. The imposture of Lambert Simnel as the imprisoned nephew of Edward IV, Edward, earl of Warwick, however exotic, was much more menacing, because it occured within two years of Bosworth. Henry VII was not a vindictive man, and his style of government was quiet and efficient, never using more cruelty or deceit than was necessary. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lambert-Simnel-English-pretender, History Learning Site - The Lambert Simnel Rebellion. (18), In February 1487 Lambert Simnel appeared in Dublin and claimed to be Edward, earl of Warwick, son and heir of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, the brother of Edward IV, and the last surviving male of the House of York. On Whit-Sunday, the 24th May, Simnel was solemnly anointed and crowned King of England, under the name of Edward VI., in Christ Church, Dublin, in presence of the chief dignitaries of the Pale, who renounced their allegiance to Henry VII., and swore fealty to him. He also brought with him over 1,800 mercenaries recruited from French prisons. Lord Stanley's reply was short: "Sire, I have other sons." Top Image: Henrys first years on the throne were beset by rebellion. (40) As a high-born Castilian bride, Catherine remained veiled to both her husband and her father-in-law until after the marriage ceremony. (Answer Commentary), Catherine Parr and Women's Rights (Answer Commentary), Women, Politics and Henry VIII (Answer Commentary), Historians and Novelists on Thomas Cromwell (Answer Commentary), Martin Luther and Thomas Mntzer (Answer Commentary), Martin Luther and Hitler's Anti-Semitism (Answer Commentary), Martin Luther and the Reformation (Answer Commentary), Mary Tudor and Heretics (Answer Commentary), Joan Bocher - Anabaptist (Answer Commentary), Anne Askew Burnt at the Stake (Answer Commentary), Elizabeth Barton and Henry VIII (Answer Commentary), Execution of Margaret Cheyney (Answer Commentary), Dissolution of the Monasteries (Answer Commentary), Why did Queen Elizabeth not get married? Henry Tudor was soon separated from his mother as Edward IV decided that he wanted him live with Lord William Herbert, his leading supporter in Wales. It was not until 27th September, that the winds died down and Catherine was able to leave Laredo on the Castilian coast. (52)Henry VII, by unknown artist (1505)if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'spartacus_educational_com-mobile-leaderboard-2','ezslot_21',704,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-spartacus_educational_com-mobile-leaderboard-2-0');Henry VII was careful in the selection of his key officials. (55)Empson's biographer, Margaret Condon, has pointed out: "As chancellor, Empson continued Bray's efforts to increase revenue, authorizing the raising of rents or disallowance of rebates, and directing surveys and audits, enclosures of commons, and investigations of feudal incidents. History When he captured Lambert Simnel, the young tradesman's son who led the first revolt against him and was crowned King of England in Dublin, he did not put him to death, but employed him as a servant in his household." On 13th January 1496 James arranged for him to marry him to Lady Katherine Gordon, a distant royal relative. A Dictionary of British History , Subjects: Henry was therefore prepared for the pretender, forewarned of events and bolstered by the lack of English support for Simnel. Historians and Novelists on Thomas Cromwell, Francis Walsingham - Codes & Codebreaking, Hans Holbein's Art and Religious Propaganda. In 1492 King Charles VIII of France began funding his campaign. As David Loades points out: "The marriage of a ruler was the highest level of the matrimonial game, and carried the biggest stakes, but it was not the only level. (16) Bishop Stephen Gardiner commented: "Every country hath his peculiar inclination to naughtiness. Those nobles who had supported Lincoln were not as generously treated. With a loyal squadron of his household, he swept through to Henry's immediate bodyguard, striking down his standard-bearer. History Learning Site Copyright 2000 - 2023. If you find this article useful, please feel free to share on websites like Reddit. Her party included the Count and Countess de Cabra, a chamberlain, Juan de Diero, Catherine's chaplain, Alessandro Geraldini, three bishops and a host of ladies, gentlemen and servants. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Warbeck was taken to London where he was repeatedly paraded through the city. Anxious reports might pass between ambassadors on physical development; royal parents might take advice on their offsprings' readiness for the ordeal. He was an only child and he had learnt very early to keep his own counsel and to trust no confidant. [2], Simon noticed a striking resemblance between Lambert and the sons of Edward IV, so he initially intended to present Simnel as Richard, Duke of York, son of King Edward IV, the younger of the vanished Princes in the Tower. New York: Pearson Longman, 2006. But after remaining in court for eight months, he tried to escape and was soon recaptured. Symonds, a Yorkist, first decided to pass off Simnel as Richard of York, the younger of the two boys but then decided to pass him off as the Earl of Warwick. The Japanese I-400: An Underwater Aircraft Carrier? The rebellion was crushed in 1487. He also received support from the sister of Edward IV, his supposed aunt. His real name is not knowncontemporary records call him John, not Lambert, and even his surname is suspect. The King believed, as did most other people, that Arthur had been over-exerting himself in the marriage bed." (12)King Henry VIIHenry VII was crowned on the battlefield with Richard's crown. Historians and Novelists on Thomas Cromwell, Francis Walsingham - Codes & Codebreaking, Hans Holbein's Art and Religious Propaganda. On 3rd September he entered the capital in triumph. The siring of progeny was the essential next step in these royal marriages, so endlessly negotiated." A Study in Catholic Propaganda. (14571509) king of England and lord of Ireland, Earl of Warwick, Richard Neville On 21 August 1485, King Richard's army positioned themselves on Ambien Hill, close to the small village of Bosworth in Leicestershire. SIMNEL, LAMBERT (fl. John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath in Oklahoma Primary Source "Guymon Prepares to Shame . He was a competent soldier, but always chose peace instead of war as being so much cheaper and so much safer. In the initial stages Lincolns force held the upper hand as the German soldiers who were with Schwarz proved effective. In order to persuade him to change his mind, Richard arranged for Lord Stanley's eldest son to be kidnapped.On 21 August 1485, King Richard's army positioned themselves on Ambien Hill, close to the small village of Bosworth in Leicestershire. But this turned out to be both a strength and a weakness. Henry had survived the first major rebellion against his throne. Some of its leaders were hanged, drawn and quartered. The Ocean Plague: or, A Voyage to Quebec in an Irish Emigrant Vessel is based upon the diary of Robert Whyte who, in 1847, crossed the Atlantic from Dublin to Quebec in an Irish emigrant ship. (Answer Commentary), Catherine Parr and Women's Rights (Answer Commentary), Women, Politics and Henry VIII (Answer Commentary), Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (Answer Commentary), Historians and Novelists on Thomas Cromwell (Answer Commentary), Martin Luther and Thomas Mntzer (Answer Commentary), Martin Luther and Hitler's Anti-Semitism (Answer Commentary), Martin Luther and the Reformation (Answer Commentary), Mary Tudor and Heretics (Answer Commentary), Joan Bocher - Anabaptist (Answer Commentary), Anne Askew Burnt at the Stake (Answer Commentary), Elizabeth Barton and Henry VIII (Answer Commentary), Execution of Margaret Cheyney (Answer Commentary), Dissolution of the Monasteries (Answer Commentary), Poverty in Tudor England (Answer Commentary), Why did Queen Elizabeth not get married? Catherine arrival was delayed until Prince Arthur was able to consummating the marriage. She never recovered and died nine days later on 11th February, her thirty-seventh birthday, of puerperal fever. (15). The battle of Stoke was a sharp and brutal encounter." [7], On 16 June 1487, the rebels clashed with the King's army, at the Battle of Stoke Field in Nottinghamshire, and were defeated. The following year he became entangled in another plot. Nor is it quite certain that it was not Henry who killed the Princes in the Tower. Henry VII was tall and lean, his seeming fragility concealing a sinewy strength. On 16th June the rebel army reached Blackheath. The real Earl was a similar age to the young boy and the political machinations of the time had seen him imprisoned in the Tower of London, the formidable Norman castle which for centuries had held political and aristocratic prisoners.. Simnel was routed at the battle of Stoke: his promoters were slain or imprisoned, and the young imposter was taken into the royal household as a servant. Henry VII was an extremely clever man, possibly the cleverest man who ever sat on the English throne. The Earl of Lincoln was killed during the battle and Lambert Simnel was captured. (14), Francis Bacon has suggested that Henry's "aversion toward the house of York was so predominant in him as it found place not only in his wars and councils, but in his chamber and bed". Perkin Warbeck's imposture as Edward IV's younger son, Richard of York, during the 1490s was more easily contained, despite Scottish and European intervention. At the age of about ten, he was taken as a pupil by an Oxford-trained priest named Richard Simon (or Richard Symonds / Richard Simons / William Symonds) who apparently decided to become a kingmaker. (2) Polydore Vergil described him as as "a comely youth, and well favoured, not without some extraordinary dignity and grace of aspect". Henry had been receiving information about events in Ireland, although it was vague and conflicting. In June 1487, Simnel landed in Lancashire, supported by 2,000 German mercenaries provided by Edward IVs sister Margaret, duchess of Burgundy, and in company with a genuine Yorkist claimant, John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, who had abandoned his temporary loyalty to the Tudors. Apps and interactive web activities help young people learn about civic engagement through Library of Congress primary sources. By February 1487 Lambert Simnel had appeared in Ireland, claiming to be Edward, earl of Warwick, the young son of Edward IV's brother George, duke of Clarence. Earl Lincoln sailed from the Netherlands to Dublin, with some 2000 mercenaries supplied by Margaret. According to Jasper Ridley the English were famous throughout Europe for their hearty appetite. The battle of Stoke was a sharp and brutal encounter." A Study in Catholic Propaganda (Answer Commentary), Why were women hostile to Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn? This included being sent to Vienna to meet Emperor Maximilian. (20)It is believed that John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, nephew of the Yorkist kings, was the leader of the conspiracy. The issue was settled in the Battle of Stoke (June 1487); Lincoln was killed, Simnel and Symonds were taken, the other Yorkist leaders disappeared. This was headed by Dame Elizabeth Darcy. Lambert Simnel : Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, The Marriage of Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon. Backed by this force, the Irish became more confident and actually crowned Simnel king in Dublin in May 1487. (23) Jasper Ridley claims that this shows that "Henry VII was not a vindictive man, and his style of government was quiet and efficient, never using more cruelty or deceit than was necessary. For the racehorse, see. Most actions or grants of grace resulted in fines to the king, in amounts and by methods which led Polydore Vergil and others to characterize both Empson and Dudley as extortioners." Imprisoned in the Tower, he was hanged as a commoner on 23 November 1499. His wife became a handmaid to Henrys queen. On 24 May 1487, Simnel was crowned in Christ Church Cathedral in Dublin as "King Edward VI" but this regnal number was written later when the official story had taken hold. Hans Holbein and Henry VIII (Answer Commentary), The Marriage of Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon (Answer Commentary), Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves (Answer Commentary), Was Queen Catherine Howard guilty of treason? Along with Richard Simon, a priest from Oxford, the Yorkists presented Lambert Simnel as this legitimate claimant, free and backed by an army. It is not known when Lambert Simnel died. (48) Antonia Fraser, believes that as Catherine was also ill at the same time, the both might have had sweating sickness.Prince Arthur died on Saturday, 2nd April, 1502. She made no secret of her opposition to the usurping Tudors. The threats facing Henry VII are then analysed by looking at the Tudor family tree, and understanding who the claimants pretended to be. "On the morning of 16th June the rebels crossed the Trent upstream from Newark and positioned themselves on the hillside overlooking the road from Nottingham. (45) Almost thirty years later Catherine deposed, under the seal of the confessional, that they had shared a bed for no more than seven nights, and that she had remained "as intact and incorrupt as when she emerged from her mother's womb". The parliament which met on 7th November asserted the legitimacy of Henry's title and annulled the instrument embodying Richard III's title to the throne. Read 3. 2009-2021 Historic Mysteries. You can follow John Simkin on Twitter, Google+ & Facebook or subscribe to our monthly newsletter. Edward had two sons, Edward V and Richard, Duke of York, who were both imprisoned in the Tower by their uncle, Richard of Gloucester. According to his diehard Yorkist promoters, however, the boy was actually Edward, Earl of Warwick, son of Edward IV's brother the Duke of Clarence and thus the rightful heir to the throne of England, usurped by Henry VII after the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. This pretender was Lambert Simnel, in reality the ten-year-old son of an Oxford craftsman. Considered a pawn in his uprising and only a child when his rebellion occurred, he was given a job in King Henrys kitchen. They were accused of acting illegally when they extorted large sums of money from wealthy landowners under the recognisance system, and of not only obtaining this money for the King, but of enriching themselves in the process." His personal fortune of 1.5 million illustrated the success of his foreign policy and the commercial prosperity that England enjoyed under his rule. (38), Catherine left the port of Corunna on 20th July 1501. Most definitely, he was of humble origin. Henry VIII: Catherine of Aragon or Anne Boleyn? I can tell where you will be - in the Tower of London. This led to the decision to claim that he was the younger son of King Edward IV. Secondary Source Bird, Caroline. He marched across the Pennines and then south. His origins are obscure, even in official accounts; his mother is unknown and he may have been illegitimate. British History Britain; . Various sources claim different parentage, but it is definite that he had a humble origin. On 13th January 1496 James arranged for him to marry him to Lady Katherine Gordon, a distant royal relative. Simnel became the figurehead of a Yorkist rebellion organised by John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln. (46)if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'spartacus_educational_com-mobile-leaderboard-1','ezslot_19',702,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-spartacus_educational_com-mobile-leaderboard-1-0');Antonia Fraser, the author of The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1992) has argued that she believes the marriage was unconsummated. Lincoln and Thomas FitzGerald were killed. He was baptized on 24th September in Winchester Cathedral and named after the famous British hero whose fabulous exploits fill the pages of Geoffrey of Monmouth. He could not afford to be generous without seeming to be weak. He later recalled he "conducted him clad in his night gown unto the Princess's bedchamber door often and sundry times." (19) Polydore Vergil described him as as "a comely youth, and well favoured, not without some extraordinary dignity and grace of aspect". Nothing is known of his upbringing." Simnel, Lambert By 13th June, 1496, the Cornishmen, said to number 15,000, were at Guildford. He then proceeded to fine all those involved in the rebellion. Henry was able to unmask the pretender as an imposter, and the rebellion foundered. Encouraged, the pretender made several landings in England with small armies in the 1490s. (58)Ferdinand wrote on 23rd August 1503: "It is well known in England that the Princess is still a virgin. This book unravels the tangled web of dynastic politics and rivalries in Yorkist England, seeking a context for the bizarre events of 1487. In October 1499 Arthur wrote to her thanking her for the "sweet letters" she had sent him: "I cannot tell you what an earnest desire I feel to see your Highness, and how vexatious to me is this procrastination about your coming. Without the sheer blood lust of his contemporaries, he had a sardonic wit." 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