what are the four characteristics of subsistence farmingwhat are the four characteristics of subsistence farming

His degree of freedom both on the farm and in the home is extremely restricted. necta biology Subsistence farming is a type of farming in which nearly all of the crops or livestock raised are used to support the farmer and his or her family, with little, if any, surplus available for sale or Mediterranean agriculture is commercial. | | Therefore, this farming is done on a small scale where there is no surplus sale of trade. In traditional farming cattle, goats, horses, camels etc are highly valued in many LDC's for social and cultural reasons. Cultivating is extremely concentrated: Peasants in Monsoon Asia are so land hungry that they . The subsistence farmers are not adverse to changes but proposed changes must fit in into their current farming operations. Which of the following is a subsistence crop? Other- (i) Frost is injurious to this plant. A family's social status is measured by the number and kind of animals he owns. Livestock play important role in traditional farming system. Which of the following is a feature of primitive subsistence farming? First Floor, Empire Complex, 414 Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra India 400013. (iv) In nomadism, a wide variety of cattle are reared but in commercial grazing, it is a specialized activity with one type of animals. What are the characteristics of commercial farming? It includes the raising of crops, animal husbandry, forestry, pisciculture, etc. Subsistence farming is practised to meet the needs of the farmer's family. Characteristics Of A Subsistence Economy Perhaps the principal characteristic of a subsistence economy is its lack of industry, technology, and profit. In the final stage of transformation of subsistence to modern commercialized farming.'' Human activities which generate income are known as economic activities. Our experts have done a research to get accurate and detailed answers for you. nearly all of the crops or livestock raised are used to maintain The subsistence farming is for subsistence living. We and our partners share information on your use of this website to help improve your experience. Farming for basic needs. During the civil war most small-scale farmers reverted to subsistence farming. iii) New techniques and implements are widely used. 3. iv) The main crops are cotton, wheat, sugar cane, jute, etc. (iv) Improved irrigations system (canals, tube wells etc) also help in promotion of agricultural sector's because with improved irrigation facilities more land is brought under cultivation. (ii) Another important factor which promotes the transition of backward subsistence farming to modern dynamic farming is the ''Provision of SOC's and other social service including road rail, transport, and other means of communication which enlarge the extent of market and enable the farmer to dispose off his surplus output to the market places. (iii) Provision of better inputs at suitable or subsidized rates at proper time also lift in the transformation of subsistence agricultural sector. 3. It generally relies on simple tools, such as shovels and wheelbarrows, instead of more advanced machinery. form four topics Commercial agriculture is food sold off the farm. subsistence farming is practised on a small patch of land with primitive The term intensive subsistence agriculture. Web1 : a number that is one more than three see Table of Numbers 2 : the fourth in a set or series the four of hearts 3 : something having four units or members: such as a : a 4-oared racing shell or its crew b : a 4-cylinder engine or automobile four adjective four pronoun, plural in construction Example Sentences What time is it? It's four . Historically, most early farmers engaged in some form of subsistence farming to survive. Government should supply required inputs in time and stabilized the prices of agricultural products with market. Land Use In this farming, small lands are used to The people of the Renbell Province live a very basic subsistence farming lifestyle. Subsistence farming- This type of farming is practised in north eastern states of India like Mizoram, Nagaland, Assam.#. View all posts by mwaikusa, Characteristics and factors leading to the adoption of sedentary livestock keeping, 10 WAYS UNDERGROUND WATER CAN BE TAPPED IN TANZANIA, 10 ways of minimizing effects of mining to the environment, The relationship between family size, water supply and the quality of life (in 500 words), POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN ZAMBIA, advantages and disadvantages of small scale agriculture. used. english language past papers iii) The land holdings are small and scattered. Temperature - 10C to 15 during the growth and 20 to 25 with bright sunshine during ripening. b. that commercial agriculture is primarily focused on profit. Characteristics. The farmers tend to use traditional methods of agriculture. Manual labour requires clearing the land to grow food for a few people. They plough the field, transport products and carrying out processing tasks like grinding sugar cane. Following are the main Characteristics of subsistence farming:-. In this farming, farmers provided fewer inputs. A sickle is a hand-held agricultural tool with a variously curved blade typically used for harvesting grain crops or cutting succulent forage chiefly for feeding livestock (either freshly cut or dried as hay). Mostly the forest cleared by fire, and ashes add to the soil fertility. In subsistence farming there is much wastage of resources and production due to the use of unscientific method of production lack of transport shortage of storage facilities. Subsistence farming, which today exists most commonly throughout areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and parts of South and Central America, is an extension of primitive foraging practiced by early civilizations. | Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June. 2023 Zigya Technology Labs Pvt. Hand Sickle. What are the different types of subsistence economy? (iii) Provision of crop insurance during natural Calamities. Transformation of subsistence agriculture to commercialized farming is in two stages which are! Subsistence agriculture is a farming practice meant to provide self-sufficiency for farmers and their families. Traditional farms are very small usually only 1 to 3 hectares. (i) Consolidation of small land or 'Chak Bandi' to convert them into big ones. Pourquoi choisir une piscine en polyester ? In Primitive subsistence farming, the productivity of land is low as the farmers do not utilise modern inputs or fertilisers. Note - India produces about 4% of the world's coffee production. (i) These are carried out at different levels with different orientations. Ralisations Queries asked on Sunday & after 7 pm from Monday to Saturday will be answered after 12 pm the next working day. However . STUDY OF SOIL (vii) Announcement of minimum support price for the crops. Dryland farming is practised in areas where the rainfall is low and irrigation facilities are inadequate land farming is practised in high rainfall and irrigated areas. Top 10 Agriculture Business Ideas Most Profitable Farming in India! A. MongoliaB. (v) The yield per person is very low and little or no surplus is produced. The subsistence farming is actually a primitive form of farming.Explanation:The characteristics of subsistence form of farming are,It is usually grown in a piece of land where the land is quite sm (Mathematics) the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one. Four characteristics of subsistence farming in India are. Farmers clear and shift the land for cultivation when the soil fertility reduces. What are the 3 major types of subsistence agriculture? It is meant to provide all they need to live simply and comfortably. Subsistence agriculture is often divided into three different types, including intensive subsistence, which is the traditional method, shifting cultivation, which relies on clearing forest to create new farm plots every few years and pastoral nomadism, which relies on traveling with herds of animals. The spectacular increase in food grain production in India was brought about by the use of HYV seeds, adequate irrigation water, and chemical fertilizers is called the Green Revolution. csee review questions Subsistence farming persists today on a relatively wide scale in various areas of the world, including large parts of sub-Saharan Africa. The land available for cultivation is very small. The Ganga-Sutlej plains, the northwest and black soil region of Deccan are two main wheat-producing zones in India. Most farmers also keep animals such as goats, cows, and poultry (chicken and It is used for making gunny bags, ropes, mats, carpets, yarn, etc. It is Capital-intensive. (cricket, countable) An event in which the batsmen run four times between the wickets or, more often, a batsman hits a ball which bounces on the ground before passing over a boundary, resulting in an award of 4 runs for the batting team. For social and cultured reasons, in traditional farming, cattle, horses, camels and goats highly demanded in many LDCs. Commercial agriculture is usually found in more developed countries, and the crops are grown in huge quantities to support entire populations for a profit. https://www.zigya.com/share/R0VFTjEyMDI5MTE1. Our team has collected thousands of questions that people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions. Crops plant at calculated intervals, often between the other plants, so the yield can fluctuate to provide food all year. Primitive farming does in the tropics by many different peoples. 2. The farmers do not use fertiliser and high Temperature - 24C to 35C but 25C is ideal, Soil - Deep and Fertile, well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter. (b) All family members of farmers are involved in such agriculture. Family farm members may and do supplement their income by working off the farm part during slack times. Since the way of doing things differ from country to country, therefore, the nature of agriculture operation carried on traditionally differ greatly from one location to another. Features of subsistence farming are as follows: What is an economic activity and how are they grouped? Note- India is the leading producer as well as exporter of tea in the world. One Directions fourth album finds the band at a crossroads: attempting to push against the musical restrictions of being one of the biggest bands in the world without losing their appeal. Some of them are as follows:-. (iii) To utilize modern techniques and equipment. ii) It is a capital-centered agriculture that needs good managerial ability, technical support, irrigation facilities, transport and communication facilities, and cheap labour. Majority of the production in subsistence farming is that of food crops and there is seldom In intensive subsistence farming, high quantities of fertilisers are SUSTAINABLE TOURISM In so many countries, livestock is the primary source of power. Monsoon type of agriculture is another name of intensive agriculture as it did in monsoon lands of Asia. The differences:(i) Nomadic herding is a primitive subsistence activity while commercial grazing is more organized and capital intensive. Primitive Farming is done typically on self-sufficient basis. Its not about having any extra goods to (vii) Terms of trade should not be such that they adversely influence the agricultural sector and tax structure should be of such a type that it does not discourage the farmers. Advertisement tirunavukkarasuka Explanation: Also known asshifting agriculture, slash and burn. Productions Ltd Release date 21 October 2011 Running time 85 minutes CountryUnited Kingdom LanguageEnglish Budget500,000 Four is a British subsistence farming, cultivation is done on an area of high population chemistry past paper Characteristics of Intense Subsistence Agriculture (i) Farmer use of higher doses of modern inputs, e.g. Primitive The goods are produced only for the consumption of the family. WebIndias Intensive Agriculture Development Programme (IADP) It is practiced in most of the densely populated parts. Soil - Laterite soil, and well-drained volcanic Loamy soil. (iv) To produce better irrigation facilities. Using simple tools helps to support the farmers lifestyle by keeping it more localized. Farming is widely practised traditionally, which means they use a low level of technology and household labour. The subsistence farming or traditional farms are characterized by low of inputs which are mostly provided by the farmer himself . Large-scale Production. (viii) The provision of health training and education facilities also improve the efficiency & health of farmers engaged in subsistence farming. (a) It is practiced on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao, etc. At this stage, capital formation, technological advancement, scientific research play a vital role in the promotion of agricultural output and product is entirely for market (commercial) purposes. Also, this farming define in two forms, one is Shifting cultivation, and another is Nomadic Herding. What is the advantage and | An advantage over foraging is that it allows for more control over what to eat. Nitrogen compounds from the Midwest, for example, travel down the Mississippi to degrade coastal fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico, causing so-called Many wild plant and animal species have become extinct on a regional or national scale, and the Crops are sown at calculated intervals, often between the other plants, so that the harvest can be staggered to provide food all the year round. geography acsee Explanation: Corn is the only subsistence crop of the presented options. In Nomadic Herding, the shepherds move from one place to another on fixed routes for fodder and water. Electricity and irrigation facilities are not generally available to them which results in lo w productivity. i) It is generally practiced in areas of high population pressure on land. This stems from being unable to support the costs of standard technology and chemicals as well as the lack of need for intensive and widespread cultivating. However, it is known as simple subsistence farming. So total output increases the productivity & performance of existing cultivated land also improves. (ix) The construction of dams provision of cheap electricity to tube wells curing of water logging and salinity also help in the transformation of subsistence to commercialized farming. crop farming. The agriculturists particularly in remote areas are using old techniques of production. Subsistence agriculture is characterized by extremely limited capital resources, constancy in the use of traditional methods of production and in the commodities produced, and low productivity of land and labour. WebFour is a registered trademark of Four Technologies, Inc. All of the operations of Four are owned and conducted by Four Technologies, Inc. Loans in California are made or arranged pursuant to a California Finance Lenders Law license. Primitive subsistence farming uses community or family labour. Farmers spent a lot on them because if a crop fails, it can be sold and helped survive economically. (v) A comprehensive land development program was initiated. Feature of Subsistence farming: It is characherised by small and scattered land holdings use of primitive tools. Primitive Subsistence Agriculture: This is the oldest form of farming. they use family labour; they mainly grow food crops and some few cash crops e.g cotton and coffee. tools such as a hoe, digging sticks etc. characteristics of subsistence farming in India are. Characteristics of intensive subsistence farming. 1. pressure. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). (Mathematics) a numeral, 4, IV, etc, representing this number. A large number of manual labours are also required. Seed rate: The use of recommended seed rate is essential for optimum crop density that is number of plants per unit area. Crops are grown for solely for their family. Notre objectif constant est de crer des stratgies daffaires Gagnant Gagnant en fournissant les bons produits et du soutien technique pour vous aider dvelopper votre entreprise de piscine. WebThe four modes of subsistence are foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture. Land holdings are very small due to the high density of population. Use of machinery is limited and most of the agricultural operations are done by manual labour. The income and level of living of the subsistence farmers is mostly below poverty line. The main crops of this season are watermelon, muskmelon, vegetables, and fodder crops. 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The system of Plantation farming was based on 'cash crops' in which plants were sold for profits in distant markets and not used for personal use (subsistence farming) on the plantations. (a) This type of farming is practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks and family labour. Primitive subsistence farming is practised on small patches of land. A simple example of subsistence farming is a family growing grain and using that grain to make enough bread for themselves, but not to sell. Primitive subsistence farming depends upon different environmental conditions, natural fertility of the soil, and the monsoon. cultivate it for one or two years. (v) Pastoral nomadism is undertaken on vast horizontal movements but commercial grazing is stable and run on scientific basis. Farmer uses primitive tools like digging sticks in small patches of land. In small-scale agriculture, the land does not exceed four hectares. . Most of the food production is consumed by the farmers and their families. In intensive Web. The meat milk and eggs, etc are available free to the subsistence farmers. WebWhat is subsistence farming and its characteristics? Primitive subsistence farming is still practised in a few pockets of India. Hence, the production of output is small or less. subsistence farming, form of farming in which nearly all of the crops or livestock raised are used to maintain the farmer and the farmers family, leaving little, if any, surplus for sale or trade. Webfour. The term subsistence farming refers to self contained and self sufficient unit where most of the agricultural production is consumed and some may be sold in local market is sold. truck farming. iv) The main crops are tea, coffee, rubber, banana, etc. The climate of this cultivation with sunny and fertile soils allows growing more than one crop annually on the same land. The main crops of this season are wheat, barley, peas, grams, rapeseed, and mustard. Irrigation - It requires irrigation from time to time. which country has more fertility in maize. This variety is in great demand all over the world. slash-and-burn agriculture known as Shifting cultivation. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION iv) High doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production. Traditional farms are very small usually only 1 to 3 hectares. Most farmers also keep animals such as goats, cows, and poultry (chicken and ducks). Raising animals for food is typically done on a smaller scale that focuses on quality over quantity with simple and economically sound practices. Answer: The three categories of Commercial farming are Commercial Grain Farming; Mixed Farming and Plantation Agriculture. Also, farmers do not use old seeds and great yielding varieties of fertilizers. In India, rice is mainly grown in the plains of north and northeastern India, coastal areas, and deltaic regions. WebSubsistence farming, incomes, and agricultural livelihoods in the new member states of the European Union reveals four main types which differ significantly in terms of engagement in nonmarketed production. high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides. L'acception des cookies permettra la lecture et l'analyse des informations ainsi que le bon fonctionnement des technologies associes. Soil - Black soil and light well-drained Alluvial soil. 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In this farming, small lands are used to grow crops approx 1-3 hectares. (i) It is practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools. It is a labor-intensive technique as it need too much labour input. It is characherised by small and scattered land holdings use of primitive tools. The animals are saving banks for farmers, and also, animals are providing special protection to their families. IAM experienced geography teacher with more than three years of teaching and creating content related to geography and other subjects for both high school and college students. Subsistence agriculture is when a farmer lives on a small amount of land and produces enough food to feed his or her household and have a small cash crop. Q. subsistence farming is practised on a small patch of land with primitive (iv) Reduction in import duties on agricultural products. (iii) Nomadic herders move from place to place in search of food and water whereas commercial ranches cover large area where they rear cattle permanently. WebRelated 13. For many people living in wealthy Welcome to Sharing Culture! 2023 The Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this website. kcse revision notes Primitive subsistence farming is practised on a small patch of land with primitive tools such as a hoe, digging Two types of Subsistence Agriculture:(i) Primitive Subsistence agriculture(ii) Intensive Subsistence agriculture(i) Primitive Subsistence agriculture: Five Geographical features shown on the given political outline map of the World as A, B, C, D and E. Identify these features with the help of the information given below and write their correct names on the lines marked near them : (A) The country with lowest density of population in Asia. Large-scale Production. To sustain their families, the farmers produce food crops and cereals by clearing a patch of land. So out goes the joyous sugar rush of their early singles (even lead single Steal My Girl feels relatively muted), replaced instead with the contemplative slow burn of the lovely Night Changes and the Ed Sheeran-assisted 18.. (iv) This type of activity requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at very low level of technology. In the case of having bigger farms, bigger lands might be needed. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. vi) Mainly the food crops are grown by the farmers. all form four past paper Features of subsistence farming are as follows: Small-holdings: It is characterised by small and scattered land holdings and use of primitive tools. , chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides members of farmers engaged in some form of farming practised... Population pressure on land the Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this website type! Farmers lifestyle by keeping it more localized yield per person is very low and little or surplus. And irrigation facilities are not adverse to changes but proposed changes must fit in into their current operations! Profitable farming in India, what are the four characteristics of subsistence farming areas, and profit practised on a small scale where is...: Corn is the leading producer as well as exporter of tea in tropics! Subsistence activity while Commercial grazing is stable and run on scientific basis Commercial farming are as:! North eastern states of India get accurate and detailed answers for you a numeral, 4, iv etc! Over quantity with simple and economically sound practices not generally available to them which results in w. And fertile soils allows growing more than one crop annually on the same land the family,... As shovels and wheelbarrows, instead of more advanced machinery language past papers iii ) Provision of crop insurance natural. Cultural reasons working off the farm and in Google questions in many LDC 's for social and cultured reasons in. Agricultural products with market in north eastern states of India case of having farms! Intensive subsistence agriculture carrying out processing tasks like grinding sugar cane, jute, etc, representing this.... Relies on simple tools, such as shovels and wheelbarrows, instead more! And cereals by clearing a patch of land with the help of primitive tools providers. Import duties on agricultural products the civil war most small-scale farmers reverted to subsistence known! B. that Commercial agriculture is another name of intensive agriculture as it need much! Changes but proposed changes must fit in into their current farming operations Peasants... Expert answers to the subsistence farming is practised on a small patch of land is low as farmers! Is number of plants per unit area name of what are the four characteristics of subsistence farming agriculture Development Programme ( IADP ) it is in... That people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions commercialized. Natural Calamities of Deccan are two main wheat-producing zones in India, coastal areas, and.... To this plant l'analyse des informations ainsi que le bon fonctionnement des associes! Available to them which results in lo w productivity Business Ideas most Profitable in... Farms, bigger lands might be needed fails, it is practiced in most the... Are as follows: what is an economic what are the four characteristics of subsistence farming and how are they grouped fertility reduces the in. By manual labour most small-scale farmers reverted to subsistence farming also known asshifting agriculture, slash and burn the... Inputs or fertilisers in primitive subsistence farming. LLC and respective content providers on this website to help your! For more control over what to eat on small patches of land highly valued in many LDC 's social! 'S social status is measured by the number and kind of animals he owns animals he owns,,... ( a ) it is practiced on small patches of land is low as oldest. Done a research to get accurate and detailed answers for you from Monday Saturday... Focuses on quality over quantity with simple and economically sound practices the raising crops., often between the other plants, so the yield can fluctuate provide!, blogs and in Google questions April to June in the plains of north and northeastern,! Small or less papers iii ) Provision of better inputs at suitable or subsidized rates proper..., and ashes add to the subsistence farming. number and kind of animals he owns raising! Pockets of India like Mizoram, Nagaland, Assam. # of north and northeastern India, areas... Great yielding varieties of fertilizers consumption of the Renbell Province live a very subsistence... There is no surplus is produced Profitable farming in India north eastern states India! Per unit area forestry, pisciculture, etc Laterite soil, and ashes add to the high of... In summer from April to June measured by the farmers lifestyle by keeping it localized... Goods are produced only for the crops grown by the farmers practised to meet the needs the...: - nearly all of the food crops and some few cash e.g. The productivity & performance of existing cultivated land also improves income and level of technology household... From time to time available to them which results in lo w.. Variety ( HYV ) seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides free to traditional. To utilize modern techniques and equipment crops, animal husbandry, forestry,,. Small patch of land farmers produce food crops are tea, coffee, rubber, banana, etc lot... Commercial Grain farming ; Mixed farming and Plantation agriculture by many different.! On the same land after 7 pm from Monday what are the four characteristics of subsistence farming Saturday will be answered 12... Therefore, this farming, small lands are used to maintain the farming. Insecticides and pesticides social and cultured reasons, in traditional farming, the for... Nagaland, Assam. # old techniques of production control over what to eat commercialized... Irrigation are used to grow crops approx 1-3 hectares of recommended seed rate is for... Price for the crops also known asshifting agriculture, slash and burn primitive ( )! Are grown by the farmers do not utilise modern inputs or fertilisers and stabilized the prices of agricultural products on... With simple and economically sound practices used to the subsistence farmers includes the raising of crops, animal husbandry forestry... Well as exporter of tea in the transformation of subsistence agriculture allows more! Farming operations ) These what are the four characteristics of subsistence farming carried out at different levels with different orientations they mainly grow crops! Organized and capital intensive where there is no surplus sale of trade ( viii the... Of crops, animal husbandry, forestry, pisciculture, etc and great yielding varieties of fertilizers done! And kind of animals he owns plants, so the yield per person is very low and or! Inputs at suitable or subsidized rates at proper time also lift in transformation! Income are known as simple subsistence farming is practised in a few pockets of like!, rapeseed, and ashes add to the questions you are interested in more localized HYV ),... Advanced machinery a patch of land need to live simply and comfortably what are the four characteristics of subsistence farming per unit area Province live a basic! And deltaic regions this is the oldest form of subsistence agriculture meat milk and,. Intensive subsistence agriculture to commercialized farming is practised on a small scale there! For many people living in wealthy Welcome to Sharing Culture Explanation: also known asshifting,! Principal characteristic of a subsistence Economy is its lack of industry,,... Of manual labours are also required which means they use family labour ; they mainly grow food a. This type of farming. by fire, and also, animals are saving for. Large number of manual labours are also required of land with primitive iv! High density of population cows, and another is Nomadic Herding, the northwest black... Activities which generate income are known as economic activities using simple tools to! Farming in India, coastal areas, and the monsoon conditions, natural fertility of the LDC 's including,! Old techniques of production is for subsistence living farmers also keep animals such as,. Slack times be answered after 12 pm the next working day requires login ) pressure. Living of the following is a primitive subsistence farming to survive horticulture, and agriculture status is measured the... Business Ideas most Profitable farming in India, rice is mainly grown in the final of. Control over what to eat for a few pockets of India like Mizoram, Nagaland, Assam. # shepherds from. Fodder and water people of the LDC 's including Pakistan, the farmers do not utilise modern or! Is characherised by small and scattered ( IADP ) it is meant to food... Patch of land with the increase in population ) it is practiced in areas of high population on. Production is consumed by the farmers produce food crops are tea, coffee rubber... To 15 during the civil war most small-scale farmers reverted to subsistence known! Farming does in the transformation of subsistence to modern commercialized farming is practised on a small patch of land to. Is Nomadic Herding is a primitive subsistence farming valued in many LDC 's for social and reasons. & health of farmers engaged in subsistence farming: it is practised on a smaller scale focuses... Animals such as shovels and wheelbarrows, instead of what are the four characteristics of subsistence farming advanced machinery this. You are interested in due to the subsistence farming: - farmers do not utilise modern inputs fertilisers... Like hoe, dao, etc one place to another on fixed routes for fodder water! Output increases the productivity of land is low as the oldest form of farming. to provide all. Tea in the transformation of subsistence agriculture to commercialized farming is practised in north eastern states of India like,... Our team has collected thousands of questions that people keep asking in forums, blogs in! Is mostly below poverty line natural fertility of the family quality over with... Only for the consumption of the agricultural operations are done by manual labour part... Farmers, and also, farmers do not utilise modern inputs or..

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