state province algeriastate province algeria

The government used specific facilities for prisoners age 27 and younger. Judges rarely refused prosecutorial requests to extend pretrial detention. From March 18 until April 8, the ministrys Labor Inspector Service conducted inspections into child labor of 9,748 businessdown from 11,575 businesses the previous year. U.S. imports from Algeria grew from $4.7 billion in 2002 to $10.8 billion in 2005, primarily in oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG). )$24.902 billion (2020 est. Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and large amounts of public sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. Men held a large percentage of positions of authority in government and the private sector. Protests broke out across the country in late February 2019 against President BOUTEFLIKAs decision to seek a fifth term. A longtime FLN member, TEBBOUNE ran for president as an independent. split from Blida; Tissemsilt formed from parts of Alger and Tiaret. The provinces are subdivided into 160 dayrat (sub-prefectures), and further into 1,541 municipalities. The departments were subdivided Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining, b. Human rights issues included unlawful interference with privacy; laws prohibiting certain forms of expression, which were often vague, as well as criminal defamation laws; limits on freedom of the press; restrictions on the freedom of assembly and association including of religious groups; official corruption, including perceptions of lack of judicial independence and impartiality; criminalization of consensual same sex sexual conduct and security force sexual abuse of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons; and trafficking in persons. The government allowed undeclared workers to gain credit for social security and retirement benefits for time spent in the informal economy if they repay any taxes owed after registering. Under the law, the government may conduct electronic surveillance to prevent terrorist or subversive acts and infractions against state security, pursuant to written authorization from a competent judicial authority. [4] The American Oxford Atlas. Security forces dispersed political opposition rallies and interfered with the right to organize. Although the government did not renew the accreditation of LADDH, the organization had members countrywide, received independent funding, and was one of the most active independent human rights groups. The law prohibits discrimination with respect to employment, salary, and work environment based on age, gender, social and marital status, family links, political conviction, disability, national origin and affiliation with a union. Provinces, Dpartements, Rgions. A CNDH representative said the organization viewed the most serious human rights concerns as limits on socioeconomic rights, as well as limits on free speech. The law prohibits torture and prescribes prison sentences of between 10 and 20 years for government agents found guilty of torture. )percent of population: 63% (2020 est. Women did not often have exclusive control over assets that they brought to a marriage or that they earned. ), fossil fuels: 98.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Nevertheless, the law prohibits unions from associating with political parties and receiving funds from foreign sources. Construction workers and domestic workers were reportedly vulnerable. The provinces later became divisions. ), electrification - total population: 99.4% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 99.6% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 97% (2019), installed generating capacity: 21.694 million kW (2020 est. The repatriations were conducted in coordination with consular officials from the countries of origin of the migrants, but the migrants were not permitted to challenge their removal. On August 12, about 30 members of the Mouwatana movement held a sit-in in Algiers to denounce the fifth term of President Bouteflika. )imports of goods and services: -35.8% (2017 est. There is no official estimate of the poverty income level. The center The constitution provides for the right of peaceful assembly, but the government continued to curtail this right. New FIPS )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est. The government granted such authorization to students and persons with special family circumstances. FraudLabsPro.com 70-3-30A D'Piazza Mall, Jalan Mahsuri, 11950 Bayan Baru, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Section 1. The government acknowledged that some detention facilities were overcrowded but said it used alternatives to incarceration such as releasing prisoners with electronic bracelets, conditional release, and replacing prison terms with mandatory community service to reduce overcrowding. Defamation laws specify that former members of the military who make statements deemed to have damaged the image of the military or to have harmed the honor and respect due to state institutions may face prosecution. Since 1975, Algeria also has been the main recipient of Sahrawi refugees from the ongoing conflict in Western Sahara (today part of Morocco). 1870-10-24: By decree No. The ministry did not renew the accreditations of the NGOs SOS Disparus (SOS Disappeared), Djazairouna, the LADDH, the National Association for the Fight Against Corruption, and the Youth Action Movement, all of which submitted their renewal applications in prior years. The Ministry of Interior is responsible for organizing the election and voting processes. A separate law provides for up to three years imprisonment for publications that may harm the national interest or up to one year for defaming or insulting the president, parliament, army, or state institutions. While the Ministry of Interior oversees the accreditation process for most associations, the president of a local assembly approves applications for communal associations. Some observers, including government-appointed human rights officials, attributed overcrowding in pretrial detention facilities to continued overuse of pretrial detention, despite reforms in 2015 that sought to reduce the practice. The Illizi Province is in eastern Algeria and a small portion of western Libya. important position as a lingua franca, and place names have continued to be written in the Roman alphabet using French 1848-12-09: By French presidential decree, the civil territory in each province was elevated to a department of The confederation also included migrants working in the country. The law provides that foreigners may be required to furnish bail as a condition of release on provisional liberty status, while Algerian citizens may be released on provisional liberty without posting bail. During the year, the CNDH organized seminars and workshops on topics such as penitentiary reform and trafficking in persons. Hydrocarbon exports enabled Algeria to maintain macroeconomic stability, amass large foreign currency reserves, and maintain low external debt while global oil prices were high. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. )methane emissions: 49.94 megatons (2020 est. A national committee is responsible for monitoring and publishing an annual report on the rights of children. ), total: 28.9 yearsmale: 28.6 yearsfemale: 29.3 years (2020 est. Should the detention be overturned, the defendant has the right to request compensation. 03 / Select Countries You can add more than one country or area. organized as annexes. Independent Monitoring: The government allowed the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and local human rights observers to visit prisons and detention centers. [3] Fifth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, Vol. The law prohibits all forms of forced or compulsory labor. According to the International Telecommunication Union, 45 percent of the population used the internet in 2017. They were The law does not adequately cover migrant workers employed primarily in construction and as domestic workers. During a media interview, Omar Belhouchet, the editor ofEl Watan, an independent daily newspaper, said that media companies self-censor regarding certain topics. Corruption remained a problem, and officials sometimes engaged in corrupt practices with impunity. NGOs reported that the government did not enforce payment of fines for failing to abide by the law. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO province code. Authorities enter the medical certificate into the detainees file. of the colonial period, Algerian departments had a legal status which was supposedly equal to that of the European Algeria covers an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), making it the world's tenth largest nation by area, and the largest nation in Africa. With a population of 44 million, Algeria is the ninth-most populous country in Africa, and the 32nd-most populous country in the world. )126.777 (2020 est. as a national language. The constitution provides workers with the right to join and form unions of their choice, provided they are citizens. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The Ministry of Culture can also require a full content review of books on other topics if it chooses. With lower oil prices since 2014, Algerias foreign exchange reserves have declined by more than half and its oil stabilization fund has decreased from about $20 billion at the end of 2013 to about $7 billion in 2017, which is the statutory minimum. President of the Constitutional Council Mourad Medelci announced voter participation in the elections was just under 51 percent, a sharp drop from the slightly more than 74 percent turnout during the previous presidential election in 2009. The court appearance of suspects in terrorism cases is public. Several human rights NGOs condemned his arrest as an example of harassment and threats to pressure journalists. According to the law, police must obtain a summons from the prosecutors office to require a suspect to appear in a police station for preliminary questioning. ), urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. )wine: 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Sahrawi refugees lived predominantly in five camps near the city of Tindouf, administered by the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario). (An igamie is the Religious workers reported that they had access to prisoners during the year and authorities allowed detainees access to religious observance. According to the NGO Reporters without Borders, private advertising existed but frequently came from businesses with close links to the ruling political party. Religious Beliefs In AlgeriaSunni Islam. Sunni Islam in Algeria constitutes the majority of the population. Judaism. Judaism in Algeria dates back to the 14th Century when Jews migrated in large numbers into Algeria after being persecuted and driven from Spain.Protestant Christianity. Shia Islam. Religious Freedom and Tolerance in Algeria. Sexual Harassment: The punishment for sexual harassment is one to two years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 50,000 to DZD 100,000 ($425 to $850); the punishment doubles for a second offense. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open list voting to curb corruption. The country was heavily colonized by the French in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Few government buildings were accessible to persons with disabilities. were ill-defined. A 2016 constitutional revision requires the president to consult with the parliamentary majority before appointing the prime minister. )from petroleum and other liquids: 57.867 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 7.23% (2021 est. The law prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities, although the government did not always effectively enforce these provisions. )solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Several members were arrested on September 13 in Bejaia, including the leader of political party Jil Jadid, Soufiane Djilali. In a divorce, the law provides for the wife to retain the familys home until the children reach age 18. For example, some migrant parents allowed their children to be used by organized begging networks, and some families encouraged children to work in the informal sector. The new ), Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km), Lullemeden-Irhazer Aquifer System, Murzuk-Djado Basin, North Western Sahara Aquifer, Taoudeni-Tanezrouft Basin, the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast as shown in this population distribution map, mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season; droughts, largest country in Africa but 80% desert; canyons and caves in the southern Hoggar Mountains and in the barren Tassili n'Ajjer area in the southeast of the country contain numerous examples of prehistoric art - rock paintings and carvings depicting human activities and wild and domestic animals (elephants, giraffes, cattle) - that date to the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, when the region was completely vegetated, Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%note: although almost all Algerians are Berber in origin (not Arab), only a minority identify themselves as primarily Berber, about 15% of the total population; these people live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers and several other communities; the Berbers are also Muslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab cultural heritage; Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has officially recognized Berber languages and introduced them into public schools. ), number of registered air carriers: 3 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 87annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 6,442,442 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 28.28 million (2018) mt-km, total: 67over 3,047 m: 142,438 to 3,047 m: 271,524 to 2,437 m: 18914 to 1,523 m: 6under 914 m: 2 (2021), total: 822,438 to 3,047 m: 21,524 to 2,437 m: 16914 to 1,523 m: 36under 914 m: 28 (2021), 2,600 km condensate, 16,415 km gas, 3,447 km liquid petroleum gas, 7,036 km oil, 144 km refined products (2013), total: 104,000 km (2015)paved: 71,656 km (2015)unpaved: 32,344 km (2015), total: 114by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 2, general cargo 11, oil tanker 11, other 89 (2021), major seaport(s): Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, SkikdaLNG terminal(s) (export): Arzew, Bethioua, Skikda, Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes Coast Guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard (under ANP but responsible to the President), National Gendarmerie; Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2022), 5.6% of GDP (2021 est. Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: b. In September the Ministry of Communication stated there were 268 accredited written publications. The Tellian and Saharan Atlas Mountain ranges cross the country from east to west, dividing it into three zones. Various international humanitarian organizations and observers criticized the operations, citing unacceptable conditions of transport, primarily on the Niger side of the border, and what they described as a lack of coordination among the Algerian Red Crescent, the government of Niger, and the Red Cross of Niger. Security officials reportedly searched homes without a warrant. ), total dependency ratio: 58.5youth dependency ratio: 48.7elderly dependency ratio: 9.8potential support ratio: 10.2 (2021 est. departments of France. A bloody eight-year struggle culminated in Algerian independence in 1962. In the years following independence, low-skilled Algerian workers and Algerians who had supported the French (known as Harkis) emigrated en masse to France. York, 1991. )6% of GDP (2019) (approximately $19.2 billion)5.5% of GDP (2018) (approximately $17.9 billion)5.9% of GDP (2017) (approximately $18.8 billion), approximately 140,000 ANP personnel (120,000 Army; 6,000 Navy; 14,000 Air Force); approximately 130,000 National Gendarmerie; approximately 200,000 General Directorate of National Security (2022), the ANP's inventory includes mostly Russian-sourced equipment; since 2010, Algeria has received arms from a variety of countries, with Russia as the leading supplier (2022), 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service for men and women; 19-30 years of age for compulsory service for men (all Algerian men must register at age 17); conscript service obligation reduced from 18 to 12 months in 2014 (2022)note: as of 2020, conscripts comprised an estimated 70% of the military, the ANP has played a large role in the countrys politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKAs election in 1999 and remained a center of power during his 20-year rule; the military was instrumental in BOUTEFLIKAs resignation in 2019 when it withdrew support and called for him to be removed from office the ANP traditionally has focused on internal stability and on Morocco where relations as of 2022 remained tense over Western Sahara and Algerian accusations that Morocco supports the Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie (MAK), a separatist group in Algerias Kabylie region; however, following the Arab Spring events of 2011 and a series of cross-border terrorist attacks emanating from Mali in 2012-2013, particularly the 2013 attack on a commercial gas plant by al-Qaida-linked terrorists that resulted in the deaths of 35 hostages and 29 jihadists, it has made a concerted effort to beef up security along its other borders and promote regional security cooperation; since 2013, additional Army and paramilitary forces were deployed to the borders with Tunisia, Libya, Niger, and Mali to interdict and deter cross-border attacks by Islamic militant groups; in addition, Algeria has provided security assistance to some neighboring countries, particularly Tunisia, and conducted joint military/counter-terrorism operations (2022), al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) Algeria; al-Mulathamun Battalion (al-Mourabitoun)note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix T, Algeria-Morocco: the Algerian-Moroccan land border remains closed; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; the National Liberation Front's (FLN) assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco remain a dormant disputeAlgeria-Libya: dormant dispute includes Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern AlgeriaAlgeria-Mali: none identifiedAlgeria-Mauritania: none identifiedAlgeria-Niger: none identifiedAlgeria-Tunisia: none identified, refugees (country of origin): more than 100,000 (Sahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in the southwestern Algerian town of Tindouf); 7,345 (Syria) (mid-year 2022). The new law also eliminated gender quotas in Parliament, and the June 2021 legislative elections saw female representation plummet. The conclusions of the 2017 ILOs Committee on the Application of Standards recommended that the government accept an ILO direct contacts mission. the same name, with a status nominally equal to the departments of European France. By law ISPs face criminal penalties for the material and websites they host, especially if subject matters are incompatible with morality or public opinion. The Ministries of Justice, Interior, and Post, Information Technology, and Communication have oversight responsibilities. )government consumption: 20.2% (2017 est. )proven reserves: 59 million metric tons (2019 est. Access to Basic Services: UNHCR provided registered refugees with modest food assistance and lodging support. Under French In May 2017 Fekhar was sentenced to five years imprisonment but in July 2017 a court in Medea reduced that sentence to two years. According to the Ministry of Justice, there were six prosecutions of law enforcement officers for torture during the year. ), women married by age 15: 0%women married by age 18: 3.8% (2019 est. Although specific data was unavailable, children reportedly worked mostly in the informal sales market, often in family businesses. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. School administrators must allow migrant and refugee children to enroll in primary school through high school and require only that they present their passport and documentation showing their level of schooling from their home country. Many schools lacked teachers trained to work with children with disabilities, threatening the viability of efforts to mainstream children with disabilities into public schools. The ministry has 30 days to review the importation application; in the absence of a response after 30 days, the importer may proceed with distribution of the publication. International organizations reported some children had trouble in their attempts to integrate into the educational system but that migrants access to education was improving, particularly in the north of the country. The Sahrawi refugees had not sought local integration or naturalization during their 40-year stay in the refugee camps near Tindouf, and the Polisario Front continued to call for a referendum on independence in Western Sahara. 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