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COVID-19 booster dose. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. [335] Canada has a large number of universities, almost all of which are publicly funded. [319] A 2016 report by the chief public health officer found that 88percent of Canadians, one of the highest proportions of the population among G7 countries, indicated that they "had good or very good health". Ottawa is its capital and Toronto is its largest city. [175][176] Far-right and far-left politics have never been a prominent force in Canadian society. [49] Among the colonists of New France, Canadiens extensively settled the Saint Lawrence River valley and Acadians settled the present-day Maritimes, while fur traders and Catholic missionaries explored the Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and the Mississippi watershed to Louisiana. [424] The penny, removed from circulation in 2013, featured the maple leaf. Canada also has a sizeable manufacturing sector centred in southern Ontario and Quebec, with automobiles and aeronautics representing particularly important industries. [322][323], In 2021, the Canadian Institute for Health Information reported that healthcare spending reached $308billion, or 12.7 percent of Canada's GDP for that year. [364] As of the 2021 Census, just over 7.8million Canadians listed a non-official language as their mother tongue. [340] Canada spends about 5.3percent of its GDP on education. "Brokerage politics: A Canadian term for successful, All citizens of Canada are classified as "Canadians" as defined by. ", "Consolidated federal laws of canada, THE CONSTITUTION ACTS, 1867 to 1982", "Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts", "The Daily 2011 National Household Survey: Immigration, place of birth, citizenship, ethnic origin, visible minorities, language and religion", Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, "Sikh Community Profile Infographic English", "A literature review of Public Opinion Research on Canadian attitudes towards multiculturalism and immigration, 20062009", "The mother beaver Collection Profiles", "Canada in the Making: Pioneers and Immigrants", "Maple Leaf Tartan becomes official symbol", Disruption: Change and churning in Canada's media landscape, "Freedom of expression and media freedom", "Putting a spotlight on Canada's Artistic Heritage", "Canadian sport participation Most frequently played sports in Canada (2010)", "Why Toronto should get excited about the Pan Am Games", "World Cup 2026: Canada, US & Mexico joint bid wins right to host tournament", Canadiana: The National Bibliography of Canada, Official website of the Government of Canada, Official website of the Governor General of Canada, Official website of the Prime Ministers of Canada, Canada's official website for travel and tourism, International Council for Canadian Studies, World Wars and Interwar Years (19141945), Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Commonwealth Secretariat Member Countries, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canada&oldid=1134353852, English-speaking countries and territories, Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1867, Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Laurentian-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 07:44. [39], It is believed that the first European to explore the east coast of Canada was Norse explorer Leif Erikson. [210], Canadian Aboriginal law provides certain constitutionally recognized rights to land and traditional practices for Indigenous groups in Canada. [406] Government policies such as publicly funded health care, higher taxation to redistribute wealth, the outlawing of capital punishment, strong efforts to eliminate poverty, strict gun control, a social liberal attitude toward women's rights (like pregnancy termination) and LGBTQ rights, legalized euthanasia and cannabis use are indicators of Canada's political and cultural values. [294] Since the 1960s, Canada's aerospace industry has designed and built numerous marques of satellite, including Radarsat-1 and 2, ISIS and MOST. [447] Historically, the Catholic Church was the primary patron of art in New France and early Canada, especially Quebec,[448] and in later times, artists have combined British, French, Indigenous and American artistic traditions, at times embracing European styles while working to promote nationalism. Virtual Tour Schedule a Tour. [184][188][189] The use of the executive powers is directed by the Cabinet, a committee of ministers of the Crown responsible to the elected House of Commons and chosen and headed by the prime minister (at present Justin Trudeau),[190] the head of government. [109][110] A second referendum followed in 1995, in which sovereignty was rejected by a slimmer margin of 50.6 to 49.4 percent. [274] Many towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, are sustained by nearby mines or sources of timber. This paved the way for British colonies on Vancouver Island (1849) and in British Columbia (1858). [279] Canada has one of the highest levels of Internet access in the world, with over 33million users, equivalent to around 94 percent of its total 2014 population. 2. All judges at the superior and appellate levels are appointed after consultation with non-governmental legal bodies. It is to the north of the United States. Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching 8,891 kilometres (5,525mi), is the world's longest binational land border. [50] The Beaver Wars broke out in the mid-17th century over control of the North American fur trade. Canada - CBC News. The federal Cabinet also appoints justices to superior courts in the provincial and territorial jurisdictions. thng tin) cn gi l Gia N i) l quc gia c din tch ln th hai trn th gii, v nm cc bc ca Bc M. [273] The country is a leading exporter of zinc, uranium, gold, nickel, platinoids, aluminum, steel, iron ore, coking coal, lead, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, and cadmium. [240][b] In 2021, Canada's military expenditure totalled approximately $26.4billion, or around 1.3percent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). [474] Canadian teams in these leagues include seven franchises in the National Hockey League, as well as three Major League Soccer teams and one team in each of Major League Baseball and the National Basketball Association. [103][104] In 1999, Nunavut became Canada's third territory after a series of negotiations with the federal government. Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). [224] Canada seeks to expand its ties to Pacific Rim economies through membership in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC). Canada, the second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America. [313] Universal access to publicly funded health services "is often considered by Canadians as a fundamental value that ensures national health care insurance for everyone wherever they live in the country. Due to changes in testing policies across Canada, case counts shown may be lower than actual numbers. [343], The mandatory education age ranges between 57 to 1618 years,[344] contributing to an adult literacy rate of 99 percent. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the US, including oil, natural gas, and electric power, and a top source of US uranium imports. [341] The country invests heavily in tertiary education (more than US$20,000 per student). The earliest work of patriotic music in Canada, "The Bold Canadian", was written in 1812. Equalization payments are made by the federal government to ensure reasonably uniform standards of services and taxation are kept between the richer and poorer provinces. Of all Canadas top sights, Banff National Park justifiably ranks as many peoples number one. After a tumultuous first two seasons on the job, Matt Canada will return as the Pittsburgh Steelers' offensive coordinator in 2023, according to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. The Programme for International Student Assessment indicates Canadian students perform well above the OECD average, particularly in mathematics, science, and reading,[345][346] ranking the overall knowledge and skills of Canadian 15-year-olds as the sixth-best in the world, although these scores have been declining in recent years. [188] To ensure the stability of government, the governor general will usually appoint as prime minister the individual who is the current leader of the political party that can obtain the confidence of a plurality in the House of Commons. The territories being creatures of the federal government, changes to their role and division of powers may be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada. The text was originally only in French before it was adapted into English in 1906. [230] Canada is noted for having a positive relationship with the Netherlands, owing, in part, to its contribution to the Dutch liberation during World War II. [21][22] The Paleo-Indian archeological sites at Old Crow Flats and Bluefish Caves are two of the oldest sites of human habitation in Canada. A booster dose can help strengthen our protection against severe forms of COVID-19 Report a problem or mistake on this page. [19], Indigenous peoples in present-day Canada include the First Nations, Inuit, and Mtis,[20] the last being of mixed descent who originated in the mid-17th century when First Nations people married European settlers and subsequently developed their own identity. A booster dose can help strengthen our protection against severe forms of COVID-19 Report a problem or Canada is also bounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. [466] Calixa Lavalle wrote the music, which was a setting of a patriotic poem composed by the poet and judge Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier. [45] In general, early settlements during the Age of Discovery appear to have been short-lived due to a combination of the harsh climate, problems with navigating trade routes and competing outputs in Scandinavia. [136] In non-coastal regions, snow can cover the ground for almost six months of the year, while in parts of the north snow can persist year-round. [82] During this time, Canada introduced the Indian Act extending its control over the First Nations to education, government and legal rights. WebCanada. [309], Healthcare in Canada is delivered through the provincial and territorial systems of publicly funded health care, informally called Medicare. Canada is bordered by non-contiguous US state of Alaska in the northwest and by 12 other US states in the south. Economic nationalism and family controlled pyramidal groups in Canada", "Mapping Canada's Top Manufacturing Industries", "Spending on research and development, 2019 (final), 2020 (preliminary) and 2021 (intentions)", "Canadian Nobel Prize in Science Laureates", "Canada ranked fourth in the world for scientific research", "Internet Usage and Population in North America", "Global Innovation Index 2022, 15th Edition", "2005 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award", "Top ten Canadian scientific achievements", "James Hillier, 91, Dies; Co-Developed Electron Microscope", "An overview of Canadian space robotics activities", "The Canadian Aerospace Industry praises the federal government for recognizing Space as a strategic capability for Canada", "Despite pandemic, Canada's population grows at fastest rate in G7: census", "Canada to take in 1.3 million immigrants in 202224", "2019 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration", "Canada now brings in more refugees than the U.S.", "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Canada [Country]", "2006 Census: Portrait of the Canadian Population in 2006, by Age and Sex", "Canadian Male and Female Life Expectancy Rates by Province and Territory", "Health Status of Canadians How healthy are we? [42] French explorer Samuel de Champlain arrived in 1603 and established the first permanent year-round European settlements at Port Royal (in 1605) and Quebec City (in 1608). Canada is a country in North America. [18] The Act of Union 1840 merged the Canadas into a united Province of Canada and responsible government was established for all provinces of British North America east of Lake Superior by 1855. [462] The Canadian Music Hall of Fame, established in 1976, honours Canadian musicians for their lifetime achievements. [365], The 1977 Charter of the French Language established French as the official language of Quebec. [18] The term Dominion was used to distinguish the federal government from the provinces, though after the Second World War the term federal had replaced dominion. Canada is also bounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. [372] Inuktitut is the majority language in Nunavut, and is one of three official languages in the territory. [349][350] Statistics Canada reports that 35.5percent of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100percent. [333][334] Education in Canada is generally divided into primary education, followed by secondary education and post-secondary. Canada is a well-performing OECD country in reading literacy, mathematics, and science with the average student scoring 523.7, compared with the OECD average of 493 in 2015. [125] The Great Lakes feed the St. Lawrence River (in the southeast) where the lowlands host much of Canada's economic output. Canada is also bounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. WebLearn about Canadas response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. [18], After the successful American War of Independence, the 1783 Treaty of Paris recognized the independence of the newly formed United States and set the terms of peace, ceding British North American territories south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River to the new country. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, education, gender equality and environmental sustainability. Learn about Canadas response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Contracts with government. The 105 members of the Senate, whose seats are apportioned on a regional basis, serve until age 75. [35] The Crown and Indigenous peoples began interactions during the European colonization period, though the Inuit, in general, had more limited interaction with European settlers. Stanley Park. [138] Canada's annual average temperature over land has warmed by 1.7C (3.1F), with changes ranging from 1.1 to 2.3C (2.0 to 4.1F) in various regions, since 1948. Quebec. [278] It is furthermore home to the headquarters of a number of global technology firms. [304] Canada also accepts large numbers of refugees, accounting for over 10 percent of annual global refugee resettlements; it resettled more than 28,000 in 2018. [332] Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the curriculum is overseen by the province. Together, the provinces collect more revenue than the federal government, a rarity among other federations in the world. [296], The 2021 Canadian census enumerated a total population of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 percent over the 2016 figure. [145] Over half of Canada's landscape is intact and relatively free of human development. New Brunswick was in turn split from Nova Scotia as part of a reorganization of Loyalist settlements in the Maritimes, which led to the incorporation of Saint John, New Brunswick, as Canada's first city. To register, contact media@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca with your name and media outlet before 10:00 a.m. EST on Thursday, January 19, 2023.Please indicate if attendance will be in-person or virtual. WebCanada is a vast and rugged land. Provincial and territorial case numbers. [326][327] The Commonwealth Fund's 2021 report comparing the healthcare systems of the 11 most developed countries ranked Canada second-to-last. [373], Additionally, Canada is home to many sign languages, some of which are Indigenous. [154] Canada's largest national wildlife region is the Scott Islands Marine National Wildlife Area, which spans 11,570.65 square kilometres (4,467.45sqmi)[155] and protects critical breeding and nesting habitat for over 40 percent of British Columbia's seabirds. [119] The COVID-19 pandemic in Canada began on January 27, 2020, with wide social and economic disruption. [217][218] Canada's peacekeeping role during the 20th century has played a major role in its global image. [91] Canadian troops played important roles in many key battles of the war, including the failed 1942 Dieppe Raid, the Allied invasion of Italy, the Normandy landings, the Battle of Normandy, and the Battle of the Scheldt in 1944. WebBanff National Park. Visit our Campus. [464] "The Maple Leaf Forever", written in 1866, was a popular patriotic song throughout English Canada and for many years served as an unofficial national anthem. 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